HSK 1
指示代词：这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的
zhǐ shì dài cí ： zhè 、 nà 、 zhèr 、 nàr 、 zhè lǐ 、 nà lǐ 、 zhè xiē 、 nà xiē 、 bié de 、 yǒu de
Demonstrative pronouns: 这, 那 and their variants
Explanation
Demonstrative pronouns are words used to 'point at' a person, thing, or place according to its distance—near or far—from the speaker. The 这 (zhè) group indicates something near ('this'), while the 那 (nà) group indicates something far ('that/those').
这/那 (zhè/nà) + measure word (a counting unit, like "cái, con, quyển" in Vietnamese) + noun (这个书包 - this bag). For places: 这儿/这里 (zhèr/zhèlǐ - here), 那儿/那里 (nàr/nàlǐ - there). Plural: 这些/那些 (zhèxiē/nàxiē - these/those). Also 别的 (biéde - other), 有的 (yǒude - some, certain ones...).
这 when the thing is near or just mentioned; 那 when it is far or already known. 这儿/那儿 lean toward northern spoken usage, while 这里/那里 are common in both speech and writing, with the same meaning.
when there is a countable noun you must insert a measure word - say 这个手机 (zhège - this phone), do NOT say 这手机. Use 有的...有的... to list 'some..., some...', and don't confuse it with 别的 (other).
Examples
Whose phone is this?
She likes that bag.
It's very nice here.
I'm going there to study.
You sit here, (my) younger brother sits there.
These books are very new.
Those things are all very expensive.
Do you want anything else?
Some classmates are resting, some are reading.
Practice
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Learn “指示代词：这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的” effectively
The grammar point “指示代词：这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、别的、有的” (Demonstrative pronouns: 这, 那 and their variants) is one of the key structures at HSK 1. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
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