HSK 3
向
xiàng
Preposition indicating the target directed at (向 xiàng)
Explanation
向 (xiàng) is a preposition (a word placed before a noun to indicate a relationship: at, with, for, toward...), placed before a noun referring to a person/organization to show which target the action is DIRECTED at.
Subject + 向 + [target] + verb. For example 向老师请假 (ask for leave directed toward the teacher = ask the teacher for leave).
when an action is directed at a specific person/place, often with verbs such as 学习 (xuéxí, to learn from), 请假 (qǐngjià, to ask for leave), 借 (jiè, to borrow), 介绍 (jièshào, to introduce).
placing 向 + target AFTER the verb (the wrong "学习向班长"); the phrase 向 + target must come BEFORE the verb as an adverbial (adverbial: the element indicating time, place, or manner).
Examples
We should learn from the class monitor.
If you can't come to class, you must ask the teacher for leave.
Practice
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Learn “向” effectively
The grammar point “向” (Preposition indicating the target directed at (向 xiàng)) is one of the key structures at HSK 3. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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