HSK 4
存现句2
cún xiàn jù 2
Existential sentence (type 2) - Expressing appearance and disappearance
Explanation
This is the existential-appearance sentence type 2 — a sentence type used specifically to describe that at a certain location a person/thing APPEARS (comes, drives up) or DISAPPEARS (leaves, is blown away, moves out). The biggest feature: the sentence BEGINS with the location rather than with the person/thing.
location + verb + directional/resultative complement (a component after the verb indicating direction or result) + 了 (le) + quantity phrase + person/thing. Example of appearance: 前边 (in front) + 开来 (drives up) + 一辆车 (a car). Example of disappearance: 我们班里 (in our class) + 转走了 (transferred away) + 一个学生 (a student). Common complements: 来 (lái, toward) 出来 (chūlái, out) indicate appearance; 走 (zǒu, away) 跑 (pǎo, ran off) indicate disappearance.
when reporting the presence or disappearance of a person/thing at a place, and that object is NEW information (so it stands at the end of the sentence, usually indefinite — "a, some").
Vietnamese learners often put the person/thing at the head of the sentence out of habit (writing the wrong 一辆车开来前边); the correct form has the location at the head and the person/thing at the end. Also, do not forget the directional complement 来/走 and the particle 了.
Examples
A car drives up from ahead.
Yesterday several guests came to my house and brought quite a few gifts.
An old man comes walking from the opposite side.
A teacher comes walking out of the classroom.
A student has transferred away from our class.
A skirt was blown away on the balcony.
Two families have moved away from the courtyard.
The company has transferred away several employees.
Practice
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Learn “存现句2” effectively
The grammar point “存现句2” (Existential sentence (type 2) - Expressing appearance and disappearance) is one of the key structures at HSK 4. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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