HSK 4
首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯
shǒu xiān ⋯ ⋯ ， qí cì ⋯ ⋯
首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯ (First..., next...)
Explanation
The structure 首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯ (shǒuxiān..., qícì...) is used to LIST points or steps in order (by degree of importance or by chronological sequence).
首先 (shǒuxiān, first of all) + the first point/step, 其次 (qícì, next/secondly) + the second point/step. Both stand at the head of their own clause.
when presenting ideas in an orderly, clear way, usually in speech and somewhat formal writing; for example, laying out work steps or listing several causes or criteria.
首先 (shǒuxiān) differs from 先 (xiān) in that 首先 is used to open a list of several items and pairs up with 其次, whereas 先 (xiān, first) simply says "do something first". After 其次 you can continue with 再次 (zàicì, next again) or 最后 (zuìhòu, finally).
Vietnamese learners often use 第一 (dìyī)... 第二 (dì'èr)... rigidly in every context; for listing a sequence/degree, 首先...其次... is more natural. Also, do not reverse it into 其次...首先..., because 首先 always comes first.
Examples
First of all, we need to read through the text once; next, we need to do an exercise based on the text.
Our team has many problems: first of all, the players are not united enough; secondly, the training time is too short.
In evaluating a student, first of all look at character; secondly look at grades.
Practice
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Learn “首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯” effectively
The grammar point “首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯” (首先⋯⋯，其次⋯⋯ (First..., next...)) is one of the key structures at HSK 4. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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