HSK 7
综上所述
zōng shàng suǒ shù
Summarizing connective: 综上所述
Explanation
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù) is a four/five-character set phrase used as a summarizing connective, literally "synthesizing what has been stated above," equivalent to "in summary, as analyzed above."
综上所述 (zōng shàng suǒ shù)，+ [concluding sentence]. It always stands at the head of the concluding sentence, followed by a comma and then the overall conclusion.
only in formal/written usage (found in books and documents, rarely in speech) such as essays, reports, and theses, to wrap up the entire argument in the final paragraph.
综上所述 is formal, used to sum up a whole piece; 总之 (zǒngzhī, "in short") and 总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) are lighter and can be used in speech too.
using 综上所述 when no argument has been presented beforehand (nothing to "synthesize"); using it in everyday conversation, which makes the sentence overly affected.
Examples
In summary of the above, if we want communication to proceed smoothly, everyone needs to make a joint effort.
In summary of the above, as science and technology develop, people are increasingly dependent on their phones.
Practice
Test your understanding with a quick quiz
Learn “综上所述” effectively
The grammar point “综上所述” (Summarizing connective: 综上所述) is one of the key structures at HSK 7. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
You can also view the full “” lesson to understand the related grammar and vocabulary more deeply.