HSK 5
X什么X
X shén me X
The rebuking / "stop it" structure "X什么X"
Explanation
X什么X is a colloquial frame used to rebut, express annoyance, or stop an action in progress, carrying a strong and somewhat irritated tone.
Verb X + 什么 shénme (what) + repeat the verb X. E.g. 看什么看 = what are you staring at; 吃什么吃 = what are you eating for. 什么 here is not asking "what" but expressing rebuttal, stopping the action. It is usually followed by a consequence or warning (再看就迟到了 — keep staring and you'll be late).
In casual conversation or when annoyed, wanting to tell the other person to stop that action right away. Only used in spoken language, NOT in writing or formal situations.
Vietnamese learners often think 什么 here is a question and answer it back; in fact this is a rebuttal, needing no reply. Also, the verbs at both ends must be identical (看…看, 吃…吃), and cannot be changed into two different verbs. Avoid using this with superiors or in polite situations, as it sounds very curt.
Examples
What are you staring at — keep staring and you'll be late!
What are you eating for — keep eating and you'll get scary fat!
Practice
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Learn “X什么X” effectively
The grammar point “X什么X” (The rebuking / "stop it" structure "X什么X") is one of the key structures at HSK 5. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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