HSK 7
（因）⋯⋯ ，故⋯⋯
（ yīn ） ⋯ ⋯ ， gù ⋯ ⋯
Cause-effect structure: (因) ... ，故 ...
Explanation
（因）⋯⋯，故⋯⋯ is a cause-and-effect compound sentence (a two-clause sentence stating cause and result), carrying an archaic written tone, equivalent to 'because… therefore…'.
(因 yīn, 'because' — may be omitted) + cause, 故 (gù, 'therefore, hence') + result.
In formal/written usage, argumentative writing style, and documents; 故 (gù) is an archaic, formal way of saying 所以 (suǒyǐ).
故 (gù) = 'therefore' in archaic written usage; 所以 (suǒyǐ) = 'therefore', common in both speech and writing. Do not confuse the 故 here with the 故 in 故意 (gùyì, deliberately) or 故事 (gùshi, story).
故 stands at the head of the result clause, not at the end of the sentence; and avoid using 故 in everyday conversation because it is too formal—in speech one should use 所以.
Examples
Because it was not a respectable matter, I did not dare to speak of it.
He has already adapted to life abroad, so he does not plan to return to his home country.
Practice
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Learn “（因）⋯⋯ ，故⋯⋯” effectively
The grammar point “（因）⋯⋯ ，故⋯⋯” (Cause-effect structure: (因) ... ，故 ...) is one of the key structures at HSK 7. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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