HSK 7
矣
yǐ
矣: Final particle indicating completion or a high degree
Explanation
矣 (yǐ) is a modal particle (a function word placed at the end of a sentence to express attitude or nuance) of classical/literary usage (an archaic, formal usage still lingering in modern Chinese), equivalent to the character 了 (le) in modern Chinese. It is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that something has been completed, a conclusion, or to emphasize a high degree.
... + adjective/verb + 矣 (yǐ) (e.g. 足矣 zú yǐ = it is enough; 多矣 duō yǐ = so very many).
Used only in classical/literary usage, set phrases, famous sayings, or when deliberately creating a classical, formal, literary tone; almost never used in everyday speech.
矣 (yǐ) is the archaic way of saying 了 (le); in ordinary modern speech/writing one must use 了, not 矣.
Using 矣 in ordinary vernacular sentences (it sounds out of place, wrong in register); confusing 矣 (yǐ) with 已 (yǐ = already), which is homophonous but functions differently.
Examples
To gain a single bosom friend in life is enough.
His ideas can be said to be very many indeed.
Practice
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Learn “矣” effectively
The grammar point “矣” (矣: Final particle indicating completion or a high degree) is one of the key structures at HSK 7. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.
Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.
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