Log inSign up

HSK 7

⋯⋯ ，乃至⋯⋯

The structures 'n乃至 ...' and 'n且 ...'

Explanation

The structure 'n乃至 ...' is used to emphasize an increasing degree or expanding scope, equivalent to 'even' or 'and even all the way to'. For example: 'he is familiar not only with Beijing, but also with Paris, 乃至 the whole world.' The structure 'n且 ...' is usually used to add information, with a more formal tone than '而且', equivalent to 'and moreover'. For example: 'this road is dirty and chaotic, 且 always damp.'

Examples

他的脸色、眼神，乃至一举一动，都被别人看得清清楚楚。
tādeliǎnsè、yǎnshén，nǎizhìyìjǔyídòng，dōubèibiérénkàndéqīngqīngchǔchǔ。
他熟悉北京，也熟悉巴黎，乃至全世界。
tāshúxīběijīng，yěshúxībālí，nǎizhìquánshìjiè。
【七ー九100】⋯⋯ ，且⋯⋯
【qīーjiǔ100】⋯⋯，qiě⋯⋯
他办事严谨而认真，且十分负责，获得了领导的信任。
tābànshìyánjǐnérrènzhēn，qiěshífēnfùzé，huòdélelǐngdǎodexìnrèn。
这一条街又脏又乱，总是很潮湿，且一年四季总不免有种古怪气味。
zhèyìtiáojiēyòuzāngyòuluàn，zǒngshìhěncháoshī，qiěyìniánsìjìzǒngbùmiǎnyǒuzhǒnggǔguàiqìwèi。

Learn “⋯⋯ ，乃至⋯⋯” effectively

The grammar point “⋯⋯ ，乃至⋯⋯” (The structures 'n乃至 ...' and 'n且 ...') is one of the key structures at HSK 7. To use it fluently, you need to understand the contexts where it's used and practice regularly.

Study tip: read the examples aloud many times to build a natural reflex. Then try making your own sentences for your own situations. Use the audio button to hear and practice accurate pronunciation.

You can also view the full “” lesson to understand the related grammar and vocabulary more deeply.

Frequently asked questions